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newslotsnodeposit| Liu Heping: The US-Saudi defense agreement is about to be completed, and Israel is the biggest winner?
editor 2024-05-04 02:16:05
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  直新闻:知情人士透露,美国和沙特即将达成一项“历史性”协议,该协议将为沙特提供安全保障,并为沙特和以色列建立外交关系开辟可能的途径。您对这一协议有什么样的观察与思考?

  特约评论员 刘和平:我认为,虽然这一防务协议看上去似乎很复杂,但是,假如仔细疏理一下,我们仍然可以用两句话来概括它:一句是,美国准备以为沙特提供先进武器和安全保障为诱饵,来引诱沙特跟以色列建交;另外一句是,美国准备以沙特和以色列建交为诱饵,来引诱以色列结束跟哈马斯的战争,以及接受用“两国方案”来解决巴以问题。

  假如再往深一层来看,我认为这份被外界评价为“将会重塑中东地缘政治格局”的所谓历史性美沙协议,它的本质其实是美国与沙特以各自放弃自己的理念与理想为代价,而达成的一份世俗性的交易。

  我们知道,跟共和党尤其是特朗普执政时期的共和党相比,拜登政府与民主党一直对沙特尤其是沙特王室并不待见。这背后的原因就在于,特朗普执政时期的共和党的外交政策,是以功利主义为导向的,不会因为沙特国内的所谓人权问题而影响了美沙关系,而拜登政府与民主党的外交政策,更重视的是价值观念和意识形态导向,因此在所谓的人权问题上跟沙特王室闹得非常不愉快,尤其是沙特记者卡舒吉遇害案,更是空前恶化了拜登政府与沙特王储之间的关系。

  在这种情况下,美沙之间签署的这份防务协议也就意味着,为了在接下来的美国总统大选中顺利连任,以及为了给以色列创造一个安全稳定的外围环境,拜登政府准备放弃自己在意识形态和价值观念上的坚持,转而接受甚至是全面拥抱沙特的世俗王权。同样,在五次中东战争期间,沙特也曾经为了自己的宗教理想而跟信仰犹太教的以色列打得不可开交,以及跟信仰基督教的美西方分庭抗礼。

  但是五次中东战争之后,沙特认为,威胁其世俗王权政治的,一是来自于逊尼派内部的伊斯兰激进主义或者说是伊斯兰教原教旨主义,二是来自于实行政教合一制度的什叶派国家伊朗。在这种情况下,沙特王室选择了进一步跟美国结盟来对抗威胁其王权政治的什叶派伊朗和逊尼派激进势力,这也就意味着,newslotsnodeposit他们选择了一条现实主义的妥协道路。

newslotsnodeposit| Liu Heping: The US-Saudi defense agreement is about to be completed, and Israel is the biggest winner?

  值得注意的是,由于沙特既是海湾阿拉伯国家也是中东逊尼派国家的老大,假如美沙防务协议最终签署并且沙特和以色列最终顺利建交,那将会在海湾阿拉伯国家以及中东逊尼派国家中树立一个榜样,接下来这些国家将会跟以色列掀起一股建交潮。如此一来,困扰中东一两千年的伊斯兰教与犹太教的宗教冲突,以及困扰了以色列七十多年的跟逊尼派国家的关系问题,都将会迎刃而解。

  直新闻:那在你看来,内塔尼亚胡政权真的会接受拜登政府的利诱,为了换取沙以建交而停止跟哈马斯的战争以及接受“两国方案”吗?

  特约评论员 刘和平:我认为,这极有可能是一个并不存在的伪命题。首先我的判断是,内塔尼亚胡政权绝对不会为了跟沙特建交而停止进攻拉法消灭哈马斯,也不会在眼下条件并不具备的情况下接受“两国方案”。我甚至认为,眼下的内塔尼亚胡政权,宁愿放弃跟沙特建交,也要一意孤行消灭哈马斯,因为以色列认为,这不仅仅事关以色列的国家安全,更事关内塔尼亚胡个人的政治生命,一旦内塔尼亚胡放弃进攻拉法消灭哈马斯,其政权立马就会摇摇欲坠,同时其个人也将被追究责任。同时以色列还固执地认为,哈马斯的存在,恰恰是以色列与沙特建交,以及未来实施“两国方案”的最大障碍。

  我的第二个判断是,拜登政府应该也不会用沙以建交作为诱饵,来换取以色列停止进攻拉法与消灭哈马斯。或者说,拜登政府应该不会将以色列停止进攻拉法与消灭哈马斯,来作为沙特跟以色列建交的前提条件。

  这背后的原因有两个,一是拜登政府压根就左右不了以色列进攻拉法与消灭哈马斯的行为,同时不想也不会阻止以色列去进攻拉法消灭哈马斯,因为在是否进攻拉法与消灭哈马斯上,美国跟以色列并不存在根本性的分歧,唯一的分歧就在于,拜登政府希望以色列在进攻拉法的时候尽可能避免平民的进一步伤亡,尽可能地避免人道主义灾难的出现。

  第二是因为无论以色列是否进攻拉法,甚至无论在这个过程中是否导致了新的人道主义灾难,美国都会一如继往地促进沙特与以色列建交。因为保障以色列的安全,为以色列创造一个和平安定的生存环境,是美国自从二战以来中东战略的核心,这一战略不会因为美国究竟是民主党还是共和党、究竟是拜登还是特朗普在执政而改变,也不会因为以色列是否会听美国的话、是否忤逆了美国的意志而改变。

  在这种情况下,我认为,拜登政府应该不会在是否跟沙特建交与是否停止消灭哈马斯上,给内塔尼亚胡政权出一道二选一的选择题。美沙之间正在谈的这个防务协议,极有可能是在为以色列与哈马斯之间的战争结束之后而做的准备。也就是说,美国先默许甚至是纵容以色列去消灭哈马斯,在消灭哈马斯之后,再来促成沙以建交和解决巴以问题的“两国方案”。

In order to realize this plan, I even believe that even if the defense agreement between Israel and Saudi Arabia is negotiated, it may not be signed immediately, but will wait until Israel completes its mission to attack Rafah. In this way, Israel will become the biggest winner in the US-Saudi defense agreement, which means that it can not only eliminate Hamas as it wishes, but also establish diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia as it wishes. And this should also be the true thinking of the Biden administration deep down.

My judgment is based on facts. It turns out that the Biden administration planned to have the United States, Saudi Arabia and Israel jointly sign the agreement, but in the end the plan was significantly adjusted and was only signed between the United States and Saudi Arabia. The signal behind this cannot be clearer, that is, the United States does not want to bind Israel with a rigid agreement and prevent Israel from attacking Gaza and eliminating Hamas.

Author 丨 Liu Heping, a special commentator on Shenzhen Satellite TV's "Live Broadcast of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan"

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